10gfc serial

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Status: Not Recommended for new designs. Note that most vendors position these technologies as complementary today, but both of these technologies solve the same business problems. Fibre Channel throughput is commonly expressed in bytes per second rather than bits per second.

In the initial FC specification, rates of Additional rates were subsequently introduced, including MBps and MBps. These colloquial byte rates, when converted to bits per second, approximate the data bit rate like Ethernet. These colloquial bit rates approximate the raw bit rate unlike Ethernet.

This book uses bit per second terminology for FC to maintain consistency with other serial networking technologies. Today, 1 Gbps and 2 Gbps are the most common rates, and fiber-optic cabling is the most common medium. That said, 4 Gbps is being rapidly and broadly adopted. Storage array vendors might adopt 10GFC eventually. ANSI is expected to begin defining a new rate of 8 Gbps in The remainder of this book focuses on FC rates equal to and greater than 1 Gbps on fiber-optic cabling.

The FC-PH specification defines baud rate as the encoded bit rate per second , which means the baud rate and raw bit rate are equal.

Note that FCP does not define its own header. The basic FC-2 header adds 36 bytes of overhead. Inter-frame spacing adds another 24 bytes. Assuming the maximum payload bytes and no optional FC-2 headers, the ULP throughput rate is All parallel implementations operate at a single baud rate.

Likewise, all serial variants operate at a single baud rate. Parallel 10GFC variants operate at 3. Serial 10GFC variants operate at This is because of different encoding schemes. Table Figure FCP Stack. FC supports all physical topologies, but protocol operations differ depending on the topology. Protocol behavior is tailored to PTP, loop, and switch-based topologies.

Like Ethernet, Fibre Channel supports both shared media and switched topologies. Without support for loop protocol operations, a port cannot join an FCAL. Each time a device joins an FCAL, an attached device resets or any link-level error occurs on the loop, the loop is reinitialized, and all communication is temporarily halted. This can cause problems for certain applications such as tape backup, but these problems can be mitigated through proper network design.

Unlike collisions in shared media Ethernet deployments, loop initialization generally occurs infrequently. That said, overall FCAL performance can be adversely affected by recurring initializations to such an extent that a fabric topology becomes a requirement. However, the shared medium of an FCAL imposes a practical limit of approximately 18 nodes.

Like Ethernet, FC switches can be interconnected in any manner. Unlike Ethernet, there is a limit to the number of FC switches that can be interconnected.

FC switches employ a routing protocol called fabric shortest path first FSPF based on a link-state algorithm. FSPF reduces all physical topologies to a logical tree topology. Most FC-SANs are deployed in one of two designs commonly known as the core-only and core-edge designs. The core-only is a star topology, and the core-edge is a two-tier tree topology. The FC community seems to prefer its own terminology, but there is nothing novel about these two topologies other than their names.

Host-to-storage FC connections are usually redundant. However, single host-to-storage FC connections are common in cluster and grid environments because host-based failover mechanisms are inherent to such environments. In both the core-only and core-edge designs, the redundant paths are usually not interconnected. The edge switches in the core-edge design may be connected to both core switches, but doing so creates one physical network and compromises resilience against network-wide disruptions for example, FSPF convergence.

Advanced physical topologies eventually might become mandatory, but first, confidence in FSPF and traffic engineering mechanisms must increase.

The remaining chapters of this book assume a switch-based topology for all FC discussions. Dual Path Core-Only Topology. FC employs both service- and device-oriented approaches that are well suited to medium- and large-scale environments.

FC provides registration and discovery services via a name server model. So, a common discovery technique is to query based on node address device oriented. That said, the device-oriented approach is comparatively inefficient for initial discovery of other nodes. All nodes initiators and targets can register themselves in the FCNS, but registration is optional. This means that FCNS discovery reveals only registered nodes, not all nodes that are physically present.

So, unregistered nodes are extremely rare, and FCNS discovery usually provides complete visibility. When a node joins a fabric, an address is assigned to it. The new node does not know which addresses have been assigned to other nodes.

So, when using the device-oriented approach, the new node submits a get next query to the FCNS asking for all information associated with an arbitrarily chosen node address. The FCNS responds with all information about the next numerically higher node address that has been assigned to a registered node.